Coenzyme Q-10: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)

Abdul-Rasheed, O. F. and Farid, Y. Y. Development of a new high performance liquid chromatography method for measurement of coenzyme Q10 in healthy blood plasma. Saudi.Med J 2009;30(9):1138-1143. View abstract.

Abe, K., Matsuo, Y., Kadekawa, J., Inoue, S., and Yanagihara, T. Effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS): evaluation by noninvasive tissue oximetry. J Neurol.Sci. 1-1-1999;162(1):65-68. View abstract.

Acworth, I. N., Ullucci, P. A., and Gamache, P. H. Determination of oxidized and reduced CoQ10 and CoQ9 in human plasma/serum using HPLC-ECD. Methods Mol.Biol. 2008;477:245-258. View abstract.

Ahn, J. H., Yoo, M. H., Lee, H. J., Chung, J. W., and Yoon, T. H. Coenzyme Q10 in combination with steroid therapy for treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a controlled prospective study. Clin Otolaryngol. 2010;35(6):486-489. View abstract.

Amadio E, Palermo R Peloni G Littarru G. Effect of CoQ10 administration on V02max and diastolic function in athletes. Biomedical and clinical aspects of Coenzyme Q10. 1991;525-533.

Aoki S and Yamaguchi K. [Clinical experiences in use of cinnarizine and CoQ10 for treatment of sensorineural tinnitus]. Shinyaku to Rinsho 1970;29:1541-1546.

Armstrong, M. J. and Miyasaki, J. M. Evidence-based guideline: pharmacologic treatment of chorea in Huntington disease: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 8-7-2012;79(6):597-603. View abstract.

Artuch, R., Brea-Calvo, G., Briones, P., Aracil, A., Galvan, M., Espinos, C., Corral, J., Volpini, V., Ribes, A., Andreu, A. L., Palau, F., Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A., Navas, P., and Pineda, M. Cerebellar ataxia with coenzyme Q10 deficiency: diagnosis and follow-up after coenzyme Q10 supplementation. J Neurol.Sci 7-15-2006;246(1-2):153-158. View abstract.

Aure, K., Benoist, J. F., Ogier, de Baulny, Romero, N. B., Rigal, O., and Lombes, A. Progression despite replacement of a myopathic form of coenzyme Q10 defect. Neurology 8-24-2004;63(4):727-729. View abstract.

Azevedo, O., Vilarinho, L., Almeida, F., Ferreira, F., Guardado, J., Ferreira, M., Lourenco, A., Medeiros, R., and Almeida, J. Cardiomyopathy and kidney disease in a patient with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness caused by the 3243A>G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Cardiology 2010;115(1):71-74. View abstract.

Baggio, E., Gandini, R., Plancher, A. C., Passeri, M., and Carmosino, G. Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure (interim analysis). The CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S145-S149. View abstract.

Balercia G, Arnaldi G, Lucarelli G, and et al. Effects of exogenous CoQ10 administration in patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. International Journal of Andrology 2000;Suppl 23:43.

Balercia, G., Buldreghini, E., Vignini, A., Tiano, L., Paggi, F., Amoroso, S., Ricciardo-Lamonica, G., Boscaro, M., Lenzi, A., and Littarru, G. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Fertil.Steril. 2009;91(5):1785-1792. View abstract.

Balercia, G., Mancini, A., Paggi, F., Tiano, L., Pontecorvi, A., Boscaro, M., Lenzi, A., and Littarru, G. P. Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility. J Endocrinol Invest 2009;32(7):626-632. View abstract.

Barbiroli, B., Frassineti, C., Martinelli, P., Iotti, S., Lodi, R., Cortelli, P., and Montagna, P. Coenzyme Q10 improves mitochondrial respiration in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. An in vivo study on brain and skeletal muscle by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cell Mol.Biol (Noisy.-le-grand) 1997;43(5):741-749. View abstract.

Barbiroli, B., Iotti, S., and Lodi, R. Improved brain and muscle mitochondrial respiration with CoQ. An in vivo study by 31P-MR spectroscopy in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. Biofactors 1999;9(2-4):253-260. View abstract.

Barbiroli, B., Iotti, S., Cortelli, P., Martinelli, P., Lodi, R., Carelli, V., and Montagna, P. Low brain intracellular free magnesium in mitochondrial cytopathies. J Cereb.Blood Flow Metab 1999;19(5):528-532. View abstract.

Barboni, P., Valentino, M. L., La, Morgia C., Carbonelli, M., Savini, G., De, Negri A., Simonelli, F., Sadun, F., Caporali, L., Maresca, A., Liguori, R., Baruzzi, A., Zeviani, M., and Carelli, V. Idebenone treatment in patients with OPA1-mutant dominant optic atrophy. Brain 2013;136(Pt 2):e231. View abstract.

Barker, P. D. Reduced G tolerance associated with supplement use. Aviat.Space Environ.Med 2011;82(2):140-143. View abstract.

Barkworth, M. F., Dyde, C. J., Johnson, K. I., and Schnelle, K. An early phase I study to determine the tolerance, safety and pharmaco*kinetics of idebenone following multiple oral doses. Arzneimittelforschung 1985;35(11):1704-1707. View abstract.

Beal, M. F. Therapeutic approaches to mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism.Relat Disord. 2009;15 Suppl 3:S189-S194. View abstract.

Becker K. Ubiquinone-10 plasma concentrations in healthy European children. Redox Report 1995;1:97-98.

Belaia, O. L., Kalmykova, V. I., Ivanova, L. A., and Kochergina, L. G. [Experience in coenzyme Q10 application in complex therapy of coronary heart disease with dyslipidemia]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2006;84(5):59-62. View abstract.

Belanger, M. C., Mirault, M. E., Dewailly, E., Berthiaume, L., and Julien, P. Environmental contaminants and redox status of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in Inuit from Nunavik. Metabolism 2008;57(7):927-933. View abstract.

Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M. R., Dugall, M., Hosoi, M., Ippolito, E., Bavera, P., and Grossi, M. G. Investigation of Pycnogenol(R) in combination with coenzymeQ10 in heart failure patients (NYHA II/III). Panminerva Med 2010;52(2 Suppl 1):21-25. View abstract.

Bentinger, M., Tekle, M., Brismar, K., Chojnacki, T., Swiezewska, E., and Dallner, G. Polyisoprenoid epoxides stimulate the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q and inhibit cholesterol synthesis. J Biol.Chem 5-23-2008;283(21):14645-14653. View abstract.

Bentov, Y., Esfandiari, N., Burstein, E., and Casper, R. F. The use of mitochondrial nutrients to improve the outcome of infertility treatment in older patients. Fertil.Steril. 2010;93(1):272-275. View abstract.

Bergamin, C. S., Rolim, L. C., Dib, S. A., and Moises, R. S. Unusual occurrence of intestinal pseudo obstruction in a patient with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and favorable outcome with coenzyme Q10. Arq Bras.Endocrinol Metabol. 2008;52(8):1345-1349. View abstract.

Berio, A. and Piazzi, A. Improvement of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with controlled carbohydrate intake and coenzyme Q10 therapy. Ophthalmologica 1994;208(6):342-343. View abstract.

Bessler, H., Bergman, M., Blumberger, N., Djaldetti, M., and Salman, H. Coenzyme Q10 decreases TNF-alpha and IL-2 secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2010;56(1):77-81. View abstract.

Beyer RE, Nordenbrand K, and Ernster L. The function of coenzyme Q in free radical production and as an antioxidant: a review. Chemica Scripta 1987;27:145-153.

Beyer, R. E. An analysis of the role of coenzyme Q in free radical generation and as an antioxidant. Biochem Cell Biol 1992;70(6):390-403. View abstract.

Blatt, T., Mundt, C., Mummert, C., Maksiuk, T., Wolber, R., Keyhani, R., Schreiner, V., Hoppe, U., Schachtschabel, D. O., and Stab, F. [Modulation of oxidative stresses in human aging skin]. Z.Gerontol.Geriatr. 1999;32(2):83-88. View abstract.

Bloomer, R. J., Canale, R. E., McCarthy, C. G., and Farney, T. M. Impact of oral ubiquinol on blood oxidative stress and exercise performance. Oxid.Med.Cell Longev. 2012;2012:465020. View abstract.

Bodmer, M., Vankan, P., Dreier, M., Kutz, K. W., and Drewe, J. Pharmaco*kinetics and metabolism of idebenone in healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;65(5):493-501. View abstract.

Bolognesi, M. L., Matera, R., Minarini, A., Rosini, M., and Melchiorre, C. Alzheimer's disease: new approaches to drug discovery. Curr Opin.Chem Biol. 2009;13(3):303-308. View abstract.

Bookstaver, D. A., Burkhalter, N. A., and Hatzigeorgiou, C. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on statin-induced myalgias. Am.J.Cardiol. 8-15-2012;110(4):526-529. View abstract.

Braun, B., Clarkson, P. M., Freedson, P. S., and Kohl, R. L. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance, VO2max, and lipid peroxidation in trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr. 1991;1(4):353-365. View abstract.

Bresolin N, Cossutta E, Angelini C, and et al. Fifty patients with mitochondrial myopathy treated with ubidecarenone. First multicentric study. J Neurology 1988;235:S79.

Bresolin, N., Bet, L., Binda, A., Moggio, M., Comi, G., Nador, F., Ferrante, C., Carenzi, A., and Scarlato, G. Clinical and biochemical correlations in mitochondrial myopathies treated with coenzyme Q10. Neurology 1988;38(6):892-899. View abstract.

Bresolin, N., Bet, L., Ferrante, C., Binda, A., Carenzi, A., Moggio, M., Comi, G., and Scarlato, G. Immunological and biochemical studies and pilot therapeutic trial with ubidecarenone in Kearns-Sayre patients. Adv Neurol 1988;48:239-256. View abstract.

Brookman, R. H. and St Cyr, J. A. Metabolic supplementation with enhanced external counterpulsation improves myocardial function in acquired cardiomyopathy: a case report. J Altern.Complement Med 2010;16(3):323-325. View abstract.

Bruno, C. and DiMauro, S. Lipid storage myopathies. Curr Opin.Neurol. 2008;21(5):601-606. View abstract.

Busetto, G. M., Koverech, A., Messano, M., Antonini, G., De, Berardinis E., and Gentile, V. Prospective open-label study on the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of nutritional supplements in primary infertile patients with idiopathic astenoteratozoospermia. Arch.Ital.Urol.Androl 2012;84(3):137-140. View abstract.

Buyse, G. M., Goemans, N., van den Hauwe, M., Thijs, D., de Groot, I. J., Schara, U., Ceulemans, B., Meier, T., and Mertens, L. Idebenone as a novel, therapeutic approach for duch*enne muscular dystrophy: results from a 12 month, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neuromuscul.Disord. 2011;21(6):396-405. View abstract.

Cadoni, G., Scorpecci, A., Cianfrone, F., Giannantonio, S., Paludetti, G., and Lippa, S. Serum fatty acids and cardiovascular risk factors in sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case-control study. Ann Otol.Rhinol.Laryngol. 2010;119(2):82-88. View abstract.

Caramia, G., Cocchi, M., Tonello, L., and Visci, G. [Childhood obesity: recent advances and an experimental contribution]. Pediatr Med Chir 2008;30(3):121-140. View abstract.

Carli, F., Chiellini, E. E., Bellich, B., Macchiavelli, S., and Cadelli, G. Ubidecarenone nanoemulsified composite systems. Int J Pharm 3-3-2005;291(1-2):113-118. View abstract.

Casarin, A., Jimenez-Ortega, J. C., Trevisson, E., Pertegato, V., Doimo, M., Ferrero-Gomez, M. L., Abbadi, S., Artuch, R., Quinzii, C., Hirano, M., Basso, G., Ocana, C. S., Navas, P., and Salviati, L. Functional characterization of human COQ4, a gene required for Coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 7-18-2008;372(1):35-39. View abstract.

Celik, T. and Iyisoy, A. Coenzyme Q10 and coronary artery bypass surgery: what we have learned from clinical trials. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. 2009;23(6):935-936. View abstract.

Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Idebenone (SNT-MC17) for Friedreich's ataxia: horizon scanning technology briefing (Project record). 2013;

Chang, A. Y., Chan, J. Y., Chuang, Y. C., and Chan, S. H. Brain stem death as the vital determinant for resumption of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in rats. PLoS.One. 2009;4(11):e7744. View abstract.

Chaturvedi, R. K. and Beal, M. F. Mitochondrial approaches for neuroprotection. Ann N.Y.Acad.Sci 2008;1147:395-412. View abstract.

Chen, J. J. Parkinson's disease: health-related quality of life, economic cost, and implications of early treatment. Am J Manag.Care 2010;16 Suppl Implications:S87-S93. View abstract.

Chen, Y. F., Lin, Y. T., and Wu, S. C. Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on myocardial preservation during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. 1994;107(1):242-247. View abstract.

Cheng, B., Yuan, Q. P., Sun, X. X., and Li, W. J. Enhanced production of coenzyme Q10 by overexpressing HMG-CoA reductase and induction with arachidonic acid in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Appl Biochem.Biotechnol. 2010;160(2):523-531. View abstract.

Chew, G. T., Watts, G. F., Davis, T. M., Stuckey, B. G., Beilin, L. J., Thompson, P. L., Burke, V., and Currie, P. J. Hemodynamic effects of fenofibrate and coenzyme Q10 in type 2 diabetic subjects with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Diabetes Care 2008;31(8):1502-1509. View abstract.

Chinnery, P., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D., and Thorburn, D. Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. 2006;(1):CD004426. View abstract.

Chopra, R. K., Goldman, R., Sinatra, S. T., and Bhagavan, H. N. Relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 formulations in human subjects. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 1998;68(2):109-113. View abstract.

Cicero, A. F., Derosa, G., Miconi, A., Laghi, L., Nascetti, S., and Gaddi, A. Possible role of ubiquinone in the treatment of massive hypertriglyceridemia resistant to PUFA and fibrates. Biomed Pharmacother 2005;59(6):312-317. View abstract.

Compagnoni G, Bargossi A, Azzali A, and et al. Q10 (Ubiquinone) plasma levels in mother and neonate. 1822. Pediatric Research 1996;39(4):306.

Cooney, R. V., Dai, Q., Gao, Y. T., Chow, W. H., Franke, A. A., Shu, X. O., Li, H., Ji, B., Cai, Q., Chai, W., and Zheng, W. Low plasma coenzyme Q(10) levels and breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(6):1124-1130. View abstract.

Cooper, J. M., Korlipara, L. V., Hart, P. E., Bradley, J. L., and Schapira, A. H. Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E deficiency in Friedreich's ataxia: predictor of efficacy of vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 therapy. Eur.J Neurol. 2008;15(12):1371-1379. View abstract.

Cordero, M. D., Alcocer-Gomez, E., de, Miguel M., Cano-Garcia, F. J., Luque, C. M., Fernandez-Riejo, P., Fernandez, A. M., and Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A. Coenzyme Q(10): a novel therapeutic approach for Fibromyalgia? case series with 5 patients. Mitochondrion. 2011;11(4):623-625. View abstract.

Cordero, M. D., Cotan, D., del-Pozo-Martin, Y., Carrion, A. M., de, Miguel M., Bullon, P., and Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A. Oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves clinical symptoms and recovers pathologic alterations in blood mononuclear cells in a fibromyalgia patient. Nutrition 2012;28(11-12):1200-1203. View abstract.

Cordero, M. D., de, Miguel M., Moreno Fernandez, A. M., Carmona Lopez, I. M., Garrido, Maraver J., Cotan, D., Gomez, Izquierdo L., Bonal, P., Campa, F., Bullon, P., Navas, P., and Sanchez Alcazar, J. A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy activation in blood mononuclear cells of fibromyalgia patients: implications in the pathogenesis of the disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2010;12(1):R17. View abstract.

Cordero, M. D., Moreno-Fernandez, A. M., Carmona-Lopez, M. I., Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A., Rodriguez, A. F., Navas, P., and de, Miguel M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skin biopsies and blood mononuclear cells from two cases of fibromyalgia patients. Clin Biochem 2010;43(13-14):1174-1176. View abstract.

Cornelli, U. Treatment of Alzheimer's disease with a cholinesterase inhibitor combined with antioxidants. Neurodegener.Dis 2010;7(1-3):193-202. View abstract.

Cortes, E. P., Gupta, M., Chou, C., Amin, V. C., and Folkers, K. Adriamycin cardiotoxicity: early detection by systolic time interval and possible prevention by coenzyme Q10. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1978;62(6):887-891. View abstract.

Costeff, H., Apter, N., Elpeleg, O. N., Prialnic, M., and Bohles, H. J. Ineffectiveness of oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation in 3- methylglutaconic aciduria, type 3. Brain Dev. 1998;20(1):33-35. View abstract.

Crane, F. L. The evolution of coenzyme Q. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):5-11. View abstract.

Cuperus, R., Leen, R., Tytgat, G. A., Caron, H. N., and van Kuilenburg, A. B. Fenretinide induces mitochondrial ROS and inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in neuroblastoma. Cell Mol.Life Sci 2010;67(5):807-816. View abstract.

Cyrus-Hajmassy, M. [Bilateral visual deterioration in excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption]. Ophthalmologe 2012;109(9):901-906. View abstract.

D'Andrea, G., Bussone, G., Allais, G., Aguggia, M., D'Onofrio, F., Maggio, M., Moschiano, F., Saracco, M. G., Terzi, M. G., Petretta, V., and Benedetto, C. Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura. Neurol.Sci 2009;30 Suppl 1:S121-S124. View abstract.

Dai, Y. L., Luk, T. H., Yiu, K. H., Wang, M., Yip, P. M., Lee, S. W., Li, S. W., Tam, S., Fong, B., Lau, C. P., Siu, C. W., and Tse, H. F. Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by coenzyme Q10 supplement improves endothelial function in patients with ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2011;216(2):395-401. View abstract.

Damian, M. S., Ellenberg, D., Gildemeister, R., Lauermann, J., Simonis, G., Sauter, W., and Georgi, C. Coenzyme Q10 combined with mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a preliminary study. Circulation 11-9-2004;110(19):3011-3016. View abstract.

Deichmann, R. E., Lavie, C. J., and Dornelles, A. C. Impact of coenzyme Q-10 on parameters of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle performance in older athletes taking statins. Phys.Sportsmed. 2012;40(4):88-95. View abstract.

Del Mar, C. B., Glasziou, P. P., Spinks, A. B., and Sanders, S. L. Is coenzyme Q10 helpful for patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy? Med J Aust. 4-16-2001;174(8):421. View abstract.

Desnuelle, C., Pellissier, J. F., Serratrice, G., Pouget, J., and Turnbull, D. M. [Kearns-Sayre syndrome: mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by deficiency of the respiratory chain]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1989;145(12):842-850. View abstract.

Digiesi V, Cantini F, and Brodbeck B. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on essential arterial hypertension. Current Therapeutic Research 1990;47(5):841-845.

Digiesi V, Cantini F, Bisi G, and et al. Mechanism of action of coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Current Therapeutic Research 1992;51(5):668-672.

Disdier, P., Harle, J. R., Figarella-Branger, D., Cherif, A. A., Desnuelle, C., and Weiller, P. J. [Ptosis and asthenia manifesting a mitochondrial myopathy]. Rev Med Interne 1992;13(5):381-383. View abstract.

Donovan, L. E. and Severin, N. E. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness in a North American kindred: tips for making the diagnosis and review of unique management issues. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2006;91(12):4737-4742. View abstract.

Drinkard, B. E., Keyser, R. E., Paul, S. M., Arena, R., Plehn, J. F., Yanovski, J. A., and Di Prospero, N. A. Exercise capacity and idebenone intervention in children and adolescents with Friedreich ataxia. Arch Phys.Med Rehabil. 2010;91(7):1044-1050. View abstract.

Duncan, A. J., Bitner-Glindzicz, M., Meunier, B., Costello, H., Hargreaves, I. P., Lopez, L. C., Hirano, M., Quinzii, C. M., Sadowski, M. I., Hardy, J., Singleton, A., Clayton, P. T., and Rahman, S. A nonsense mutation in COQ9 causes autosomal-recessive neonatal-onset primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency: a potentially treatable form of mitochondrial disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;84(5):558-566. View abstract.

Dunn, S. P., Bleske, B., Dorsch, M., Macaulay, T., Van, Tassell B., and Vardeny, O. Nutrition and heart failure: impact of drug therapies and management strategies. Nutr Clin Pract 2009;24(1):60-75. View abstract.

Eiholzer, U., Meinhardt, U., Rousson, V., Petrovic, N., Schlumpf, M., and l'Allemand, D. Developmental profiles in young children with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome: effects of weight and therapy with growth hormone or coenzyme Q10. Am J Med Genet.A 4-1-2008;146(7):873-880. View abstract.

El-ghoroury, E. A., Raslan, H. M., Badawy, E. A., El-Saaid, G. S., Agybi, M. H., Siam, I., and Salem, S. I. Malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 in platelets and serum in type 2 diabetes mellitus: correlation with glycemic control. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2009;20(4):248-251. View abstract.

Esposito, M. and Carotenuto, M. Ginkgolide B complex efficacy for brief prophylaxis of migraine in school-aged children: an open-label study. Neurol.Sci 9-25-2010; View abstract.

Esteves, A. R., Arduino, D. M., Swerdlow, R. H., Oliveira, C. R., and Cardoso, S. M. Oxidative stress involvement in alpha-synuclein oligomerization in Parkinson's disease cybrids. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2009;11(3):439-448. View abstract.

Feher, J., Kovacs, B., Kovacs, I., Schveoller, M., Papale, A., and Balacco, Gabrieli C. Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Ophthalmologica 2005;219(3):154-166. View abstract.

Feigin A, Kieburtz K, Como P, and et al. An open-label trial of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in Huntington's disease (HD) [abstract]. Neurology 1994;44(suppl 2):A397-A398.

Ferrante, K. L., Shefner, J., Zhang, H., Betensky, R., O'Brien, M., Yu, H., Fantasia, M., Taft, J., Beal, M. F., Traynor, B., Newhall, K., Donofrio, P., Caress, J., Ashburn, C., Freiberg, B., O'Neill, C., Paladenech, C., Walker, T., Pestronk, A., Abrams, B., Florence, J., Renna, R., Schierbecker, J., Malkus, B., and Cudkowicz, M. Tolerance of high-dose (3,000 mg/day) coenzyme Q10 in ALS. Neurology 12-13-2005;65(11):1834-1836. View abstract.

Ferrer, M. D., Tauler, P., Sureda, A., Pujol, P., Drobnic, F., Tur, J. A., and Pons, A. A soccer match's ability to enhance lymphocyte capability to produce ROS and induce oxidative damage. Int.J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2009;19(3):243-258. View abstract.

Fetoni, A. R., Garzaro, M., Ralli, M., Landolfo, V., Sensini, M., Pecorari, G., Mordente, A., Paludetti, G., and Giordano, C. The monitoring role of otoacoustic emissions and oxidative stress markers in the protective effects of antioxidant administration in noise-exposed subjects: a pilot study. Med Sci Monit. 2009;15(11):R1-R8. View abstract.

Finckh B, Boda V, Horn A, and et al. Reduced and oxidized plasma coenzyme Q10 as part of a complex monitoring of oxidative stress in micro blood samples from preterm babies. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Fiorella PL, Bargossi AM Grossi G Motta R Senaldi R Battino M Sassi S Sprovieri G Lubich T. Metabolic effects of coenzyme Q10 treatment in high level athletes. Biomedical and clinical aspects of Coenzyme Q10 1991;513-520.

Flattery, M. Herbal therapies and cardiac side effects. Prog.Cardiovasc.Nurs. 2008;23(4):187-190. View abstract.

Fogagnolo, P., Sacchi, M., Ceresara, G., Paderni, R., Lapadula, P., Orzalesi, N., and Rossetti, L. The effects of topical coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate after cataract surgery: a clinical and in vivo confocal study. Ophthalmologica 2013;229(1):26-31. View abstract.

Folkers K. Critique of coenzyme Q in biochemical and biomedical research and in ten years of clinical research on cardiovascular disease. J Mol Med 2002;2:431-460.

Folkers K. Perspectives from research on vitamins and hormones. J Chem Educ 1984;61(9):747-756.

Folkers, K. and Wolaniuk, A. Research on coenzyme Q10 in clinical medicine and in immunomodulation. Drugs Exp.Clin Res 1985;11(8):539-545. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Drzewoski, J., Richardson, P. C., Ellis, J., Shizukuishi, S., and Baker, L. Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. XVI. Reduction of hypertension in patients by therapy with coenzyme Q10. Res Commun.Chem Pathol.Pharmacol 1981;31(1):129-140. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Langsjoen, P., and Langsjoen, P. H. Therapy with coenzyme Q10 of patients in heart failure who are eligible or ineligible for a transplant. Biochem Biophys.Res Commun. 1-15-1992;182(1):247-253. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Moesgaard, S., and Morita, M. A one year bioavailability study of coenzyme Q10 with 3 months withdrawal period. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s281-s285. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Morita, M., and McRee, J., Jr. The activities of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune responses. Biochem Biophys.Res Commun. 5-28-1993;193(1):88-92. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Vadhanavikit, S., and Mortensen, S. A. Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. Proc Natl.Acad Sci U.S.A 1985;82(3):901-904. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Wolaniuk, J., Simonsen, R., Morish*ta, M., and Vadhanavikit, S. Biochemical rationale and the cardiac response of patients with muscle disease to therapy with coenzyme Q10. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1985;82(13):4513-4516. View abstract.

Forgionne, G. A. Bovine cartilage, coenzyme Q10, and wheat grass therapy for primary peritoneal cancer. J Altern.Complement Med 2005;11(1):161-165. View abstract.

Franke, A. A., Morrison, C. M., Bakke, J. L., Custer, L. J., Li, X., and Cooney, R. V. Coenzyme Q10 in human blood: native levels and determinants of oxidation during processing and storage. Free Radic.Biol Med 6-15-2010;48(12):1610-1617. View abstract.

Fujimoto, S., Kurihara, N., Hirata, K., and Takeda, T. Effects of coenzyme Q10 administration on pulmonary function and exercise performance in patients with chronic lung diseases. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S162-S166. View abstract.

Fumagalli, S., Fattirolli, F., Guarducci, L., Cellai, T., Baldasseroni, S., Tarantini, F., Di, Bari M., Masotti, G., and Marchionni, N. Coenzyme Q10 terclatrate and creatine in chronic heart failure: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Clin Cardiol. 2011;34(4):211-217. View abstract.

Galili, N., Sechman, E. V., Cerny, J., Mehdi, M., Mumtaz, M., Westervelt, P., Maguire, J., and Raza, A. Clinical response of myelodysplastic syndromes patients to treatment with coenzyme Q10. Leuk.Res 2007;31(1):19-26. View abstract.

Gane, E. J., Weilert, F., Orr, D. W., Keogh, G. F., Gibson, M., Lockhart, M. M., Frampton, C. M., Taylor, K. M., Smith, R. A., and Murphy, M. P. The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant mitoquinone decreases liver damage in a phase II study of hepatitis C patients. Liver Int. 2010;30(7):1019-1026. View abstract.

Gazdikova, K., Gvozdjakova, A., Kucharska, J., Spustova, V., Braunova, Z., and Dzurik, R. [Effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with kidney diseases]. Cas.Lek.Cesk. 5-24-2001;140(10):307-310. View abstract.

Geng, A., Li, B., and Guo, Y. Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 at different supplemental ages on growth performance and some immune response in ascites-susceptible broilers. Arch.Anim Nutr. 2007;61(1):50-60. View abstract.

Gerards, M., van den Bosch, B., Calis, C., Schoonderwoerd, K., van, Engelen K., Tijssen, M., de, Coo R., van der Kooi, A., and Smeets, H. Nonsense mutations in CABC1/ADCK3 cause progressive cerebellar ataxia and atrophy. Mitochondrion. 2010;10(5):510-515. View abstract.

Ghiringhelli, G. [Therapy with ubidecarenone in various cardiopathies with and without decompensation. Comparison with a standard therapy]. Boll.Chim.Farm. 1986;125(3):28S-33S. View abstract.

Gille, L., Rosenau, T., Kozlov, A. V., and Gregor, W. Ubiquinone and tocopherol: dissimilar siblings. Biochem.Pharmacol 8-1-2008;76(3):289-302. View abstract.

Gini, M., Schiavi, M., and Mazzola, C. [Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10) in the therapy of chronic cor pulmonale]. Boll.Chim.Farm. 1985;124(4):21S-28S. View abstract.

Glover, E. I., Martin, J., Maher, A., Thornhill, R. E., Moran, G. R., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. Muscle Nerve 2010;42(5):739-748. View abstract.

Goda, S., Hamada, T., Ishimoto, S., Kobayashi, T., Goto, I., and Kuroiwa, Y. Clinical improvement after administration of coenzyme Q10 in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. J Neurol. 1987;234(1):62-63. View abstract.

Gokbel, H., Gul, I., Belviranl, M., and Okudan, N. The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise in sedentary men. J Strength Cond.Res 2010;24(1):97-102. View abstract.

Gold, R., Seibel, P., Reinelt, G., Schindler, R., Landwehr, P., Beck, A., and Reichmann, H. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of mitochondrial myopathies: results of a 6-month therapy study with coenzyme Q. Eur.Neurol. 1996;36(4):191-196. View abstract.

Golomb, B. A., Kwon, E. K., Koperski, S., and Evans, M. A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like conditions in possible association with cholesterol-lowering drugs: an analysis of patient reports to the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Statin Effects Study. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):649-661. View abstract.

Gonzalez, R., Ferrin, G., Hidalgo, A. B., Ranchal, I., Lopez-Cillero, P., Santos-Gonzalez, M., Lopez-Lluch, G., Briceno, J., Gomez, M. A., Poyato, A., Villalba, J. M., Navas, P., de la Mata, M., and Muntane, J. N-acetylcysteine, coenzyme Q10 and superoxide dismutase mimetic prevent mitochondrial cell dysfunction and cell death induced by d-galactosamine in primary culture of human hepatocytes. Chem.Biol Interact. 9-14-2009;181(1):95-106. View abstract.

Gonzalez-Rubio, S., Hidalgo, A. B., Ferrin, G., Bello, R. I., Gonzalez, R., Gahete, M. D., Ranchal, I., Rodriguez, B. A., Barrera, P., Aguilar-Melero, P., Linares, C. I., Castano, J. P., Victor, V. M., de la Mata, M., and Muntane, J. Mitochondrial-driven ubiquinone enhances extracellular calcium-dependent nitric oxide production and reduces glycochenodeoxycholic acid-induced cell death in hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2009;22(12):1984-1991. View abstract.

Gottlieb, S. S., Khatta, M., and Fisher, M. L. Coenzyme Q10 and Congestive Heart Failure. Ann.Intern.Med 11-7-2000;133(9):745-746. View abstract.

Gregersen, N., Andresen, B. S., Pedersen, C. B., Olsen, R. K., Corydon, T. J., and Bross, P. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects--remaining challenges. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31(5):643-657. View abstract.

Gruber, J., Schaffer, S., and Halliwell, B. The mitochondrial free radical theory of ageing--where do we stand? Front Biosci 2008;13:6554-6579. View abstract.

Guastini, L., Mora, R., Dellepiane, M., Santomauro, V., Giorgio, M., and Salami, A. Water-soluble coenzyme Q10 formulation in presbycusis: long-term effects. Acta Otolaryngol. 2011;131(5):512-517. View abstract.

Gul, I., Gokbel, H., Belviranli, M., Okudan, N., Buyukbas, S., and Basarali, K. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plasma after repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise: the effect of coenzyme Q10. J Sports Med Phys.Fitness 2011;51(2):305-312. View abstract.

Gutzmann, H., Kuhl, K. P., Hadler, D., and Rapp, M. A. Safety and efficacy of idebenone versus tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group multicenter study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35(1):12-18. View abstract.

Gvozdjakova A, Kucharska J, Braunova Z, and et al. Beneficial effect of CoQ10 on the antioxidative status and metabolism of fats and sugars in diabetic patients. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Gvozdjakova A, Kucharska J, Lepies P, and et al. Decreased level of sperm coenzyme Q10, mitochondrial respiration and energy production in infertile patients therapeutic effect on coenzyme Q10 (a pilot study). First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Gvozdjakova, A., Kucharska, J., Bartkovjakova, M., Gazdikova, K., and Gazdik, F. E. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces corticosteroids dosage in patients with bronchial asthma. Biofactors 2005;25(1-4):235-240. View abstract.

Haginoya, K., Miyabayashi, S., Kikuchi, M., Kojima, A., Yamamoto, K., Omura, K., Uematsu, M., Hino-f*ckuyo, N., Tanaka, S., and Tsuchiya, S. Efficacy of idebenone for respiratory failure in a patient with Leigh syndrome: a long-term follow-up study. J Neurol.Sci 3-15-2009;278(1-2):112-114. View abstract.

Hamilton, S. J., Chew, G. T., and Watts, G. F. Coenzyme Q10 improves endothelial dysfunction in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2009;32(5):810-812. View abstract.

Hanisch, F. and Zierz, S. Only transient increase of serum CoQ subset 10 during long-term CoQ10 therapy in mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia. Eur.J Med.Res 11-12-2003;8(11):485-491. View abstract.

Hargreaves, I. P., Lane, A., and Sleiman, P. M. The coenzyme Q10 status of the brain regions of Parkinson's disease patients. Neurosci.Lett. 12-5-2008;447(1):17-19. View abstract.

Harinstein, M. E., Berliner, J. I., Shah, S. J., Taegtmeyer, H., and Gheorghiade, M. Normalization of ejection fraction and resolution of symptoms in chronic severe heart failure is possible with modern medical therapy: clinical observations in 11 patients. Am J Ther 2008;15(3):206-213. View abstract.

Hart, P. E., Lodi, R., Rajagopalan, B., Bradley, J. L., Crilley, J. G., Turner, C., Blamire, A. M., Manners, D., Styles, P., Schapira, A. H., and Cooper, J. M. Antioxidant treatment of patients with Friedreich ataxia: four-year follow-up. Arch.Neurol. 2005;62(4):621-626. View abstract.

Hatanaka, J., Kimura, Y., Lai-Fu, Z., Onoue, S., and Yamada, S. Physicochemical and pharmaco*kinetic characterization of water-soluble Coenzyme Q(10) formulations. Int J Pharm 11-3-2008;363(1-2):112-117. View abstract.

Hauser, R. A. Early pharmacologic treatment in Parkinson's disease. Am J Manag.Care 2010;16 Suppl Implications:S100-S107. View abstract.

Henchcliffe, C. and Beal, M. F. Mitochondrial biology and oxidative stress in Parkinson disease pathogenesis. Nat.Clin Pract Neurol. 2008;4(11):600-609. View abstract.

Hernandez-Ojeda, J., Cardona-Munoz, E. G., Roman-Pintos, L. M., Troyo-Sanroman, R., Ortiz-Lazareno, P. C., Cardenas-Meza, M. A., Pascoe-Gonzalez, S., and Miranda-Diaz, A. G. The effect of ubiquinone in diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J.Diabetes Complications 2012;26(4):352-358. View abstract.

Hertz, N. and Lister, R. E. Improved survival in patients with end-stage cancer treated with coenzyme Q(10) and other antioxidants: a pilot study. J Int.Med Res 2009;37(6):1961-1971. View abstract.

Hidaka, T., Fujii, K., Funahashi, I., f*ckutomi, N., and Hosoe, K. Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):199-208. View abstract.

Hirano, M., Quinzii, C. M., and DiMauro, S. Restoring balance to ataxia with coenzyme Q10 deficiency. J Neurol.Sci 7-15-2006;246(1-2):11-12. View abstract.

Hirayama, A., Kubo, H., Mita, M., Shirota, O., and Yamamoto, Y. High-sensitivity simultaneous analysis of ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 in human plasma. J Chromatogr.Sci 2008;46(8):717-721. View abstract.

Hoenjet, K. M., Dagnelie, P. C., Delaere, K. P., Wijckmans, N. E., Zambon, J. V., and Oosterhof, G. O. Effect of a nutritional supplement containing vitamin E, selenium, vitamin c and coenzyme Q10 on serum PSA in patients with hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Eur Urol 2005;47(4):433-439. View abstract.

Horvath, R., Gorman, G., and Chinnery, P. F. How can we treat mitochondrial encephalomyopathies? Approaches to therapy. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(4):558-568. View abstract.

Horvath, R., Schneiderat, P., Schoser, B. G., Gempel, K., Neuen-Jacob, E., Ploger, H., Muller-Hocker, J., Pongratz, D. E., Naini, A., DiMauro, S., and Lochmuller, H. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and isolated myopathy. Neurology 1-24-2006;66(2):253-255. View abstract.

Iarussi, D., Auricchio, U., Agretto, A., Murano, A., Giuliano, M., Casale, F., Indolfi, P., and Iacono, A. Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on anthracyclines cardiotoxicity: control study in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non- Hodgkin lymphoma. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s207-s212. View abstract.

Imanaka K, Izumiyama K, and Sakaguchi T et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and azelastin on protecting radiation pneumonitis with lung cancer. Journal of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy 1994;29:2010-2015.

Inui, M., Ooe, M., Fujii, K., Matsunaka, H., Yoshida, M., and Ichihashi, M. Mechanisms of inhibitory effects of CoQ10 on UVB-induced wrinkle formation in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):237-243. View abstract.

Ishihara, Y., Uchida, Y., Kitamura, S., and Takaku, F. [Effect of coenzyme Q10 on guinea pig trachea and lung]. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1984;22(4):249-254. View abstract.

Ishiyama, T., Morita, Y., Toyama, S., Yamagami, T., and Tsukamoto, N. A clinical study of the effect of coenzyme Q on congestive heart failure. Jpn.Heart J 1976;17(1):32-42. View abstract.

Islam, J., Uretsky, B. F., and Sierpina, V. S. Heart failure improvement with CoQ10, Hawthorn, and magnesium in a patient scheduled for cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator therapy: a case study. Explore.(NY) 2006;2(4):339-341. View abstract.

Isobe, C., Abe, T., and Terayama, Y. Increase in the oxidized/total coenzyme Q-10 ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. Dement.Geriatr.Cogn Disord. 2009;28(5):449-454. View abstract.

Isobe, C., Abe, T., and Terayama, Y. Levels of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q-10 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with living Parkinson's disease demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative damage and/or oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process. Neurosci.Lett. 1-18-2010;469(1):159-163. View abstract.

Isobe, C., Abe, T., and Terayama, Y. Levels of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q-10 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative damage and/or oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process. J Neurol. 2010;257(3):399-404. View abstract.

Jacobson, B. H., Smith, D. B., Warren, A. J., Glass, R. G., Kline, C., Fedick, J. L., and Stemm, J. Assessment of the effectiveness of a sublingual, ergogenic spray on muscle strength and power. J Strength Cond.Res 2009;23(8):2326-2330. View abstract.

Jeejeebhoy, F., Keith, M., Freeman, M., Barr, A., McCall, M., Kurian, R., Mazer, D., and Errett, L. Nutritional supplementation with MyoVive repletes essential cardiac myocyte nutrients and reduces left ventricular size in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J 2002;143(6):1092-1100. View abstract.

Jimenez-Caballero, P. E., Mollejo-Villanueva, M., and Alvarez-Tejerina, A. [Mitochondrial encephalopathy due to complex I deficiency. Brain tissue biopsy findings and clinical course following pharmacological]. Rev.Neurol. 7-1-2008;47(1):27-30. View abstract.

Judy WV, Folkers K, and Hall JH. Improved long-term survival in conezyme Q10 treated chronic heart failure patients compared to conventionally treated patients. In: Folkers K, Littarru GP, and Yamagami T. Biomedical and clinical aspects of coenzyme Q. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers;1991.

Judy WV, Willis RA, and Folkers K. Regression of prostate cancer and plasma specific antigens (PSA) in patients on treatment with COQ10. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Judy, W. V., Hall, J. H., Toth, P. D., and Folkers, K. Double blind double cross over study of coenzyme Q10 in heart failure. In: Folkers, K. and Yamamura, Y. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10. Amsterdam: Elsevier;1986.

Judy, W. V., Stogsdill, W. W., and Folkers, K. Myocardial preservation by therapy with coenzyme Q10 during heart surgery. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S155-S161. View abstract.

Junyaprasert, V. B., Teeranachaideekul, V., Souto, E. B., Boonme, P., and Muller, R. H. Q10-loaded NLC versus nanoemulsions: stability, rheology and in vitro skin permeation. Int.J Pharm. 7-30-2009;377(1-2):207-214. View abstract.

Kaikkonen, J., Kosonen, L., Nyyssonen, K., Porkkala-Sarataho, E., Salonen, R., Korpela, H., and Salonen, J. T. Effect of combined coenzyme Q10 and d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and muscular damage: a placebo-controlled double-blind study in marathon runners. Free Radic.Res 1998;29(1):85-92. View abstract.

Kaikkonen, J., Nyyssonen, K., Tomasi, A., Iannone, A., Tuomainen, T. P., Porkkala-Sarataho, E., and Salonen, J. T. Antioxidative efficacy of parallel and combined supplementation with coenzyme Q10 and d-alpha-tocopherol in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical study. Free Radic.Res 2000;33(3):329-340. View abstract.

Kaji, S., Murayama, K., Nagata, I., Nagasaka, H., Takayanagi, M., Ohtake, A., Iwasa, H., Nishiyama, M., Okazaki, Y., Harashima, H., Eitoku, T., Yamamoto, M., Matsush*ta, H., Kitamoto, K., Sakata, S., Katayama, T., Sugimoto, S., Fujimoto, Y., Murakami, J., Kanzaki, S., and Shiraki, K. Fluctuating liver functions in siblings with MPV17 mutations and possible improvement associated with dietary and pharmaceutical treatments targeting respiratory chain complex II. Mol.Genet.Metab 2009;97(4):292-296. View abstract.

Kang, E. Y., Choi, J. W., Gwak, H. S., and Chun, I. K. Comparison of bioavailability of two ubidecarenone products in healthy Korean volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;47(3):207-214. View abstract.

Kang, H. C., Kim, H. D., Lee, Y. M., and Han, S. H. Landau-Kleffner syndrome with mitochondrial respiratory chain-complex I deficiency. Pediatr.Neurol. 2006;35(2):158-161. View abstract.

Karlsson J, Diamant B Folkers K and et al. Skeleton muscle and blood CoQ10 in health and disease. In: Lenaz G, Barnabei O Rabbi A and Battino M. Highlights in Ubiquinone Research. London: Taylor & Francis;1990.

Karlsson, J., Gunnes, S., and Semb, B. Muscle fibers, ubiquinone and exercise capacity in effort angina. Mol Cell Biochem 3-23-1996;156(2):179-184. View abstract.

Karlsson, J., Lin, L., Gunnes, S., Sylven, C., and Astrom, H. Muscle ubiquinone in male effort angina patients. Mol.Cell Biochem 3-23-1996;156(2):173-178. View abstract.

Karlsson, J., Lin, L., Sylven, C., and Jansson, E. Muscle ubiquinone in healthy physically active males. Mol.Cell Biochem 3-23-1996;156(2):169-172. View abstract.

Karlsson, J., Sylven, C., Jansson, E., Book, K., Muratsu, K., and Folkers, K. Coenzyme Q10 and key enzyme activities in papillary muscle related to left ventricle function in mitral valve disease. Mol.Cell Biochem 1988;84(1):59-64. View abstract.

Kato, T., Yoneda, S., Kako, T., Koketsu, M., Hayano, I., and Fujinami, T. Reduction in blood viscosity by treatment with coenzyme Q10 in patients with ischemic heart disease. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.Toxicol 1990;28(3):123-126. View abstract.

Kaufmann, P., Thompson, J. L., Levy, G., Buchsbaum, R., Shefner, J., Krivickas, L. S., Katz, J., Rollins, Y., Barohn, R. J., Jackson, C. E., Tiryaki, E., Lomen-ho*rth, C., Armon, C., Tandan, R., Rudnicki, S. A., Rezania, K., Sufit, R., Pestronk, A., Novella, S. P., Heiman-Patterson, T., Kasarskis, E. J., Pioro, E. P., Montes, J., Arbing, R., Vecchio, D., Barsdorf, A., Mitsumoto, H., and Levin, B. Phase II trial of CoQ10 for ALS finds insufficient evidence to justify phase III. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(2):235-244. View abstract.

Kearney, M., Orrell, R. W., Fahey, M., and Pandolfo, M. Antioxidants and other pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. 2009;(4):CD007791. View abstract.

Kearney, M., Orrell, R. W., Fahey, M., and Pandolfo, M. Antioxidants and other pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD007791. View abstract.

Keith, M., Mazer, C. D., Mikhail, P., Jeejeebhoy, F., Briet, F., and Errett, L. Coenzyme Q10 in patients undergoing CABG: Effect of statins and nutritional supplementation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis. 2008;18(2):105-111. View abstract.

Kelly P, Vasu S Getato M McNurlan M Lawson WE. Coenzyme Q10 improves myopathic pain in statin treated patients (abstr). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:3A.

Kernt, M., Hirneiss, C., Neubauer, A. S., Ulbig, M. W., and Kampik, A. Coenzyme Q10 prevents human lens epithelial cells from light-induced apoptotic cell death by reducing oxidative stress and stabilizing BAX / Bcl-2 ratio. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88(3):e78-e86. View abstract.

Kerr, D. S. Treatment of mitochondrial electron transport chain disorders: a review of clinical trials over the past decade. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010;99(3):246-255. View abstract.

Khan, M., Gross, J., Haupt, H., Jainz, A., Niklowitz, P., Scherer, H., Schmidt, F. P., Klapp, B. F., Reisshauer, A., and Mazurek, B. A pilot clinical trial of the effects of coenzyme Q10 on chronic tinnitus aurium. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg 2007;136(1):72-77. View abstract.

Kharaeva, Z., Gostova, E., de, Luca C., Raskovic, D., and Korkina, L. Clinical and biochemical effects of coenzyme Q(10), vitamin E, and selenium supplementation to psoriasis patients. Nutrition 2009;25(3):295-302. View abstract.

Kim, Y., Sawada, Y., Fujiwara, G., Chiba, H., and Nishimura, T. Therapeutic effect of co-enzyme Q10 on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: assessment by iodine-123 labelled 15-(p-iodophenyl)- 3(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid myocardial single-photon emission tomography. Eur.J Nucl.Med 1997;24(6):629-634. View abstract.

Klopstock, T., Metz, G., Yu-Wai-Man, P., Buchner, B., Gallenmuller, C., Bailie, M., Nwali, N., Griffiths, P. G., von, Livonius B., Reznicek, L., Rouleau, J., Coppard, N., Meier, T., and Chinnery, P. F. Persistence of the treatment effect of idebenone in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2013;136(Pt 2):e230. View abstract.

Klopstock, T., Yu-Wai-Man, P., Dimitriadis, K., Rouleau, J., Heck, S., Bailie, M., Atawan, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Schubert, M., Garip, A., Kernt, M., Petraki, D., Rummey, C., Leinonen, M., Metz, G., Griffiths, P. G., Meier, T., and Chinnery, P. F. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2011;134(Pt 9):2677-2686. View abstract.

Kocharian, A., Shabanian, R., Rafiei-Khorgami, M., Kiani, A., and Heidari-Bateni, G. Coenzyme Q10 improves diastolic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiol.Young. 2009;19(5):501-506. View abstract.

Kogan, A. K., Syrkin, A. L., Drinitsina, S. V., and Kokanova, I. V. [The antioxidant protection of the heart by coenzyme Q10 in stable stenocardia of effort]. Patol.Fiziol.Eksp.Ter. 1999;4(4):16-19. View abstract.

Kon, M., Tanabe, K., Akimoto, T., Kimura, F., Tanimura, Y., Shimizu, K., Okamoto, T., and Kono, I. Reducing exercise-induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Br J Nutr 2008;100(4):903-909. View abstract.

Koroshetz WJ. Care-HD: NINDS multicenter trial in Huntington's disease to test whether specific doses of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide slow disease progression. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Koroshetz, W. J., Jenkins, B. G., Rosen, B. R., and Beal, M. F. Energy metabolism defects in Huntington's disease and effects of coenzyme Q10. Ann.Neurol. 1997;41(2):160-165. View abstract.

Kuklinski, B., Weissenbacher, E., and Fahnrich, A. Coenzyme Q10 and antioxidants in acute myocardial infarction. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s143-s147. View abstract.

Kurowska, E. M., Dresser, G., Deutsch, L., Bassoo, E., and Freeman, D. J. Relative bioavailability and antioxidant potential of two coenzyme q10 preparations. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2003;47(1):16-21. View abstract.

Kutz, K., Drewe, J., and Vankan, P. Pharmaco*kinetic properties and metabolism of idebenone. J Neurol. 2009;256 Suppl 1:31-35. View abstract.

Laaksonen, R., Fogelholm, M., Himberg, J. J., Laakso, J., and Salorinne, Y. Ubiquinone supplementation and exercise capacity in trained young and older men. Eur.J Appl.Physiol Occup.Physiol 1995;72(1-2):95-100. View abstract.

Laaksonen, R., Riihimaki, A., Laitila, J., Martensson, K., Tikkanen, M. J., and Himberg, J. J. Serum and muscle tissue ubiquinone levels in healthy subjects. J Lab Clin Med 1995;125(4):517-521. View abstract.

Lagedrost, S. J., Sutton, M. S., Cohen, M. S., Satou, G. M., Kaufman, B. D., Perlman, S. L., Rummey, C., Meier, T., and Lynch, D. R. Idebenone in Friedreich ataxia cardiomyopathy-results from a 6-month phase III study (IONIA). Am Heart J 2011;161(3):639-645. View abstract.

Lagendijk, J., Ubbink, J. B., and Vermaak, W. J. Measurement of the ratio between the reduced and oxidized forms of coenzyme Q10 in human plasma as a possible marker of oxidative stress. J Lipid Res 1996;37(1):67-75. View abstract.

Lagendijk, J., Ubbink, J. B., Delport, R., Vermaak, W. J., and Human, J. A. Ubiquinol/ubiquinone ratio as marker of oxidative stress in coronary artery disease. Res Commun.Mol Pathol.Pharmacol. 1997;95(1):11-20. View abstract.

Laguna, T. A., Sontag, M. K., Osberg, I., Wagener, J. S., Accurso, F. J., and Sokol, R. J. Decreased total serum coenzyme-Q10 concentrations: a longitudinal study in children with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 2008;153(3):402-407. View abstract.

Langsjoen PH. Treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection with coenzyme Q10. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10. Amsterdam: Elsevier;1991.

Langsjoen, H., Langsjoen, P., Langsjoen, P., Willis, R., and Folkers, K. Usefulness of coenzyme Q10 in clinical cardiology: a long-term study. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s165-s175. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H. and Langsjoen, A. M. Overview of the use of CoQ10 in cardiovascular disease. Biofactors 1999;9(2-4):273-284. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H. and Langsjoen, A. M. Supplemental ubiquinol in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):119-128. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H., Folkers, K., Lyson, K., Muratsu, K., Lyson, T., and Langsjoen, P. Effective and safe therapy with coenzyme Q10 for cardiomyopathy. Klin Wochenschr 7-1-1988;66(13):583-590. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H., Folkers, K., Lyson, K., Muratsu, K., Lyson, T., and Langsjoen, P. Pronounced increase of survival of patients with cardiomyopathy when treated with coenzyme Q10 and conventional therapy. Int J Tissue React. 1990;12(3):163-168. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H., Langsjoen, P. H., and Folkers, K. A six-year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. Int J Tissue React. 1990;12(3):169-171. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H., Langsjoen, P. H., and Folkers, K. Isolated diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium and its response to CoQ10 treatment. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S140-S144. View abstract.

Langsjoen, P. H., Vadhanavikit, S., and Folkers, K. Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1985;82(12):4240-4244. View abstract.

Larijani, V. N., Ahmadi, N., Zeb, I., Khan, F., Flores, F., and Budoff, M. Beneficial effects of aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 on vascular elasticity and endothelial function: the FAITH randomized clinical trial. Nutrition 2013;29(1):71-75. View abstract.

Lee, B. J., Huang, Y. C., Chen, S. J., and Lin, P. T. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutrition 2012;28(3):250-255. View abstract.

Lee, B. J., Huang, Y. C., Chen, S. J., and Lin, P. T. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and hom*ocysteine) in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutrition 2012;28(7-8):767-772. View abstract.

Lee, D. S., Badr, M. S., and Mateika, J. H. Progressive augmentation and ventilatory long-term facilitation are enhanced in sleep apnoea patients and are mitigated by antioxidant administration. J Physiol 11-15-2009;587(Pt 22):5451-5467. View abstract.

Lee, T. I., Kao, Y. H., Chen, Y. C., and Chen, Y. J. Proinflammatory cytokine and ligands modulate cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Eur.J Clin Invest 2009;39(1):23-30. View abstract.

Lekli, I., Das, S., Das, S., Mukherjee, S., Bak, I., Juhasz, B., Bagchi, D., Trimurtulu, G., Krishnaraju, A. V., Sengupta, K., Tosaki, A., and Das, D. K. Coenzyme Q9 provides cardioprotection after converting into coenzyme Q10. J Agric.Food Chem. 7-9-2008;56(13):5331-5337. View abstract.

Lekoubou, A., Kouame-Assouan, A. E., Cho, T. H., Luaute, J., Nighoghossian, N., and Derex, L. Effect of long-term oral treatment with L-arginine and idebenone on the prevention of stroke-like episodes in an adult MELAS patient. Rev.Neurol.(Paris) 2011;167(11):852-855. View abstract.

Lenaz, G. and Genova, M. L. Structural and functional organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: a dynamic super-assembly. Int.J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009;41(10):1750-1772. View abstract.

Letsas, K. P., Efremidis, M., Pappas, L. K., Gavrielatos, G., Sideris, A., and Charitos, C. Pathophysiology and management of syncope in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Am Heart Hosp.J 2006;4(4):301-302. View abstract.

Levy, G., Kaufmann, P., Buchsbaum, R., Montes, J., Barsdorf, A., Arbing, R., Battista, V., Zhou, X., Mitsumoto, H., Levin, B., and Thompson, J. L. A two-stage design for a phase II clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 in ALS. Neurology 3-14-2006;66(5):660-663. View abstract.

LeWitt, P. A. and Taylor, D. C. Protection against Parkinson's disease progression: clinical experience. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(2):210-225. View abstract.

Lim, S. C., Lekshminarayanan, R., Goh, S. K., Ong, Y. Y., Subramaniam, T., Sum, C. F., Ong, C. N., and Lee, B. L. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on microcirculatory endothelial function of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2008;196(2):966-969. View abstract.

Linnane, A. W., Kopsidas, G., Zhang, C., Yarovaya, N., Kovalenko, S., Papakostopoulos, P., Eastwood, H., Graves, S., and Richardson, M. Cellular redox activity of coenzyme Q10: effect of CoQ10 supplementation on human skeletal muscle. Free Radic.Res 2002;36(4):445-453. View abstract.

Littarru, G. P., Nakamura, R., Ho, L., Folkers, K., and Kuzell, W. C. Deficiency of coenzyme Q 10 in gingival tissue from patients with periodontal disease. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1971;68(10):2332-2335. View abstract.

Liu, J., Wang, L., Zhan, S. Y., and Xia, Y. Coenzyme Q10 for Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. 2011;(12):CD008150. View abstract.

Liu, Z. X. and Artmann, C. Relative bioavailability comparison of different coenzyme Q10 formulations with a novel delivery system. Altern.Ther Health Med 2009;15(2):42-46. View abstract.

Lockwood, K., Moesgaard, S., Hanioka, T., and Folkers, K. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk' patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s231-s240. View abstract.

Lodi, R., Hart, P. E., Rajagopalan, B., Taylor, D. J., Crilley, J. G., Bradley, J. L., Blamire, A. M., Manners, D., Styles, P., Schapira, A. H., and Cooper, J. M. Antioxidant treatment improves in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Ann.Neurol. 2001;49(5):590-596. View abstract.

Lopes, C. M., Martins-Lopes, P., and Souto, E. B. Nanoparticulate carriers (NPC) for oral pharmaceutics and nutraceutics. Pharmazie 2010;65(2):75-82. View abstract.

Lopez, L. C., Schuelke, M., Quinzii, C. M., Kanki, T., Rodenburg, R. J., Naini, A., DiMauro, S., and Hirano, M. Leigh syndrome with nephropathy and CoQ10 deficiency due to decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2) mutations. Am J Hum.Genet. 2006;79(6):1125-1129. View abstract.

Lopez-Lluch, G., Barroso, M. P., Martin, S. F., Fernandez-Ayala, D. J., Gomez-Diaz, C., Villalba, J. M., and Navas, P. Role of plasma membrane coenzyme Q on the regulation of apoptosis. Biofactors 1999;9(2-4):171-177. View abstract.

Lowes, D. A., Thottakam, B. M., Webster, N. R., Murphy, M. P., and Galley, H. F. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against organ damage in a lipopolysaccharide-peptidoglycan model of sepsis. Free Radic.Biol.Med 12-1-2008;45(11):1559-1565. View abstract.

Lowes, D. A., Wallace, C., Murphy, M. P., Webster, N. R., and Galley, H. F. The mitochondria targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against fluoroquinolone-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane damage in human Achilles tendon cells. Free Radic.Res 2009;43(4):323-328. View abstract.

Lu, C., Zhang, D., Whiteman, M., and Armstrong, J. S. Is antioxidant potential of the mitochondrial targeted ubiquinone derivative MitoQ conserved in cells lacking mtDNA? Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2008;10(3):651-660. View abstract.

Lucangioli, S., Sabrina, F., Mario, C., and Valeria, T. A capillary electrophoretic system based on a novel microemulsion for the analysis of coenzyme Q10 in human plasma by electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2009;30(11):1899-1905. View abstract.

Lynch, D. R., Perlman, S. L., and Meier, T. A phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in friedreich ataxia. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(8):941-947. View abstract.

Lyon W, Pepe S, Marasco S, and et al. Effect of topical and systemic coenzyme Q10 therapy on cardiac Q10 content and mitochondrial function. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 2000;70 Supplement:A47-A48.

Maeda, K., Tatsumi, M., Tahara, M., Murata, Y., Kawai, H., and Yasuda, H. [A case of stroke-like episode of MELAS of which progressive spread would be prevented by edaravone]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2005;45(6):416-421. View abstract.

Makhija, N., Sendasgupta, C., Kiran, U., Lakshmy, R., Hote, M. P., Choudhary, S. K., Airan, B., and Abraham, R. The role of oral coenzyme Q10 in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. 2008;22(6):832-839. View abstract.

Malm, C., Svensson, M., Sjoberg, B., Ekblom, B., and Sjodin, B. Supplementation with ubiquinone-10 causes cellular damage during intense exercise. Acta Physiol Scand. 1996;157(4):511-512. View abstract.

Mancini, A., Conte, B., De, Marinis L., Hallgass, M. E., Pozza, D., Oradei, A., and Littarru, G. P. Coenzyme Q10 levels in human seminal fluid: diagnostic and clinical implications. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s249-s255. View abstract.

Mancini, A., Conte, G., Milardi, D., De Marinis, L., and Littarru, G. P. Relationship between sperm cell ubiquinone and seminal parameters in subjects with and without varicocele. Andrologia 1998;30(1):1-4. View abstract.

Mancini, A., De, Marinis L., Oradei, A., Hallgass, M. E., Conte, G., Pozza, D., and Littarru, G. P. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in normal and pathological human seminal fluid. J Androl 1994;15(6):591-594. View abstract.

Mancini, A., Milardi, D., Conte, G., Festa, R., De Marinis, L., and Littarru, G. P. Seminal antioxidants in humans: preoperative and postoperative evaluation of coenzyme Q10 in varicocele patients. Horm.Metab Res 2005;37(7):428-432. View abstract.

Manzoli, U., Rossi, E., Littarru, G. P., Frustaci, A., Lippa, S., Oradei, A., and Aureli, V. Coenzyme Q10 in dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Tissue React. 1990;12(3):173-178. View abstract.

Marazzi, G., Cacciotti, L., Pelliccia, F., Iaia, L., Volterrani, M., Caminiti, G., Sposato, B., Massaro, R., Grieco, F., and Rosano, G. Long-term effects of nutraceuticals (berberine, red yeast rice, policosanol) in elderly hypercholesterolemic patients. Adv.Ther 2011;28(12):1105-1113. View abstract.

Mari D, Alleva R, Tomasetti M, and et al. Reduction of chemotoxicity and enhancement of antioxidant capacity of plasma in cancer patients treated with conventional therapy plus CoQ10. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Matsumura, T., Saji, S., Nakamura, R., and Folkers, K. Evidence for enhanced treatment of periodontal disease by therapy with coenzyme Q. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 1973;43(4):537-548. View abstract.

Matthews, P. M., Ford, B., Dandurand, R. J., Eidelman, D. H., O'Connor, D., Sherwin, A., Karpati, G., Andermann, F., and Arnold, D. L. Coenzyme Q10 with multiple vitamins is generally ineffective in treatment of mitochondrial disease. Neurology 1993;43(5):884-890. View abstract.

Mauskop, A. Nonmedication, alternative, and complementary treatments for migraine. Continuum (Minneap.Minn.) 2012;18(4):796-806. View abstract.

Mazzola C, Guffanti EE, Vaccarella A, and et al. Noninvasive assessment of coenzyme Q10 in patients with chronic stable effort angina and moderate heart failure. Current Therapeutic Research 1987;41(6):923-932.

Meier, T. and Buyse, G. Idebenone: an emerging therapy for Friedreich ataxia. J Neurol. 2009;256 Suppl 1:25-30. View abstract.

Meier, T., Perlman, S. L., Rummey, C., Coppard, N. J., and Lynch, D. R. Assessment of neurological efficacy of idebenone in pediatric patients with Friedreich's ataxia: data from a 6-month controlled study followed by a 12-month open-label extension study. J Neurol. 2012;259(2):284-291. View abstract.

Menke, T. [Coenzyme q10 in childhood: detection methods, reference values and disease-related changes in the coenzyme q10 status]. Georgian.Med News 2008;(156):24-32. View abstract.

Menke, T., Niklowitz, P., Wiesel, T., and Andler, W. Antioxidant level and redox status of coenzyme Q10 in the plasma and blood cells of children with diabetes mellitus type 1. Pediatr Diabetes 2008;9(6):540-545. View abstract.

Mestre, T., Ferreira, J., Coelho, M. M., Rosa, M., and Sampaio, C. Therapeutic interventions for disease progression in Huntington's disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(3):CD006455. View abstract.

Migliore, L., Molinu, S., Naccarati, A., Mancuso, M., Rocchi, A., and Siciliano, G. Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage in mitochondrial disease patients: effects of coenzyme Q10 therapy. Mutagenesis 2004;19(1):43-49. View abstract.

Mikhin, V. P., Kharchenko, A. V., Rosliakova, E. A., and Cherniatina, M. A. [Application of coenzyme Q(10) in combination therapy of arterial hypertension]. Kardiologiia. 2011;51(6):26-31. View abstract.

Miles, M. V., Miles, L., Tang, P. H., Horn, P. S., Steele, P. E., Degrauw, A. J., Wong, B. L., and Bove, K. E. Systematic evaluation of muscle coenzyme Q10 content in children with mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme deficiencies. Mitochondrion. 2008;8(2):170-180. View abstract.

Miles, M. V., Patterson, B. J., Schapiro, M. B., Hickey, F. J., Chalfonte-Evans, M., Horn, P. S., and Hotze, S. L. Coenzyme Q10 absorption and tolerance in children with Down syndrome: a dose-ranging trial. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;35(1):30-37. View abstract.

Miles, M. V., Tang, P. H., Miles, L., Steele, P. E., Moye, M. J., and Horn, P. S. Validation and application of an HPLC-EC method for analysis of coenzyme Q10 in blood platelets. Biomed.Chromatogr. 2008;22(12):1403-1408. View abstract.

Minagawa, N., Uehara, M., Seki, S., Nitta, A., and Kogawara, K. [Effects of combined addition of atovaquone and lithium on the in vitro cell growth of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans]. Yakugaku Zasshi 2010;130(2):247-251. View abstract.

Miquel, J. Can antioxidant diet supplementation protect against age-related mitochondrial damage? Ann N Y.Acad Sci 2002;959:508-516. View abstract.

Mischley, L. K., Allen, J., and Bradley, R. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in patients with Parkinson's disease. J.Neurol.Sci. 7-15-2012;318(1-2):72-75. View abstract.

Mizuno, K., Tanaka, M., Nozaki, S., Mizuma, H., Ataka, S., Tahara, T., Sugino, T., Shirai, T., Kajimoto, Y., Kuratsune, H., Kajimoto, O., and Watanabe, Y. Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue. Nutrition 2008;24(4):293-299. View abstract.

Mizuno, M., Quistorff, B., Theorell, H., Theorell, M., and Chance, B. Effects of oral supplementation of coenzyme Q10 on 31P-NMR detected skeletal muscle energy metabolism in middle-aged post-polio subjects and normal volunteers. Mol.Aspects Med 1997;18 Suppl:S291-S298. View abstract.

Mizushina, Y., Takeuchi, T., Takakusagi, Y., Yonezawa, Y., Mizuno, T., Yanagi, K., Imamoto, N., Sugawara, F., Sakaguchi, K., Yoshida, H., and Fujita, M. Coenzyme Q10 as a potent compound that inhibits Cdt1-geminin interaction. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2008;1780(2):203-213. View abstract.

Mohr, D., Bowry, V. W., and Stocker, R. Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density lipoprotein to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta 6-26-1992;1126(3):247-254. View abstract.

Molyneux, S. L., Florkowski, C. M., George, P. M., Pilbrow, A. P., Frampton, C. M., Lever, M., and Richards, A. M. Coenzyme Q10: an independent predictor of mortality in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 10-28-2008;52(18):1435-1441. View abstract.

Molyneux, S. L., Florkowski, C. M., Richards, A. M., Lever, M., Young, J. M., and George, P. M. Coenzyme Q10; an adjunctive therapy for congestive heart failure? N.Z.Med J 10-30-2009;122(1305):74-79. View abstract.

Montero, R., Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A., Briones, P., Hernandez, A. R., Cordero, M. D., Trevisson, E., Salviati, L., Pineda, M., Garcia-Cazorla, A., Navas, P., and Artuch, R. Analysis of coenzyme Q10 in muscle and fibroblasts for the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency syndromes. Clin Biochem. 2008;41(9):697-700. View abstract.

Montero, R., Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A., Briones, P., Navarro-Sastre, A., Gallardo, E., Bornstein, B., Herrero-Martin, D., Rivera, H., Martin, M. A., Marti, R., Garcia-Cazorla, A., Montoya, J., Navas, P., and Artuch, R. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated with a mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: a case report. Clin Biochem. 2009;42(7-8):742-745. View abstract.

Montini, G., Malaventura, C., and Salviati, L. Early coenzyme Q10 supplementation in primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency. N.Engl.J Med 6-26-2008;358(26):2849-2850. View abstract.

Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I., Irish, A., Cowpland, C. A., Beilin, L., Dogra, G., and Watts, G. F. The effects of [omega]3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and heart rate in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Hypertens. 2009;27(9):1863-1872. View abstract.

Morre, D. J. and Morre, D. M. arNOX activity of saliva as a non-invasive measure of coenzyme Q10 response in human trials. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):231-235. View abstract.

Morre, D. M., Morre, D. J., Rehmus, W., and Kern, D. Supplementation with CoQ10 lowers age-related (ar) NOX levels in healthy subjects. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):221-230. View abstract.

Mortensen, S. A., Vadhanavikit, S., Baandrup, U., and Folkers, K. Long-term coenzyme Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of resistant myocardial failure. Drugs Exp.Clin Res 1985;11(8):581-593. View abstract.

Mozaffarieh, M., Grieshaber, M. C., Orgul, S., and Flammer, J. The potential value of natural antioxidative treatment in glaucoma. Surv.Ophthalmol. 2008;53(5):479-505. View abstract.

Mukai, K., Tokunaga, A., Itoh, S., Kanesaki, Y., Ouchi, A., Ohara, K., Nagaoka, S., and Abe, K. Comparison between the free-radical-scavenging activities with vitamin E and ubiquinol in biological systems based on their reaction rates: a research account. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):49-58. View abstract.

Muller, T., Buttner, T., Gholipour, A. F., and Kuhn, W. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation provides mild symptomatic benefit in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci.Lett. 5-8-2003;341(3):201-204. View abstract.

Muller-Steinwachs, J, Anda, LP, and Zilliken, F. Eine klinische Doppel-blind-studie mit CoQ10 und vitamin E bei hertzkranken patienten. De Orthom*oleculaire Koerier 1990;5(24):4-11.

Murata, T., Ohtsuka, C., and Terayama, Y. Increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic.Res 2008;42(3):221-225. View abstract.

Murata, T., Ohtsuka, C., and Terayama, Y. Increased mitochondrial oxidative damage in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol.Sci 4-15-2008;267(1-2):66-69. View abstract.

Muta-Takada, K., Terada, T., Yamanishi, H., Ashida, Y., Inomata, S., Nishiyama, T., and Amano, S. Coenzyme Q10 protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death and enhances the synthesis of basem*nt membrane components in dermal and epidermal cells. Biofactors 2009;35(5):435-441. View abstract.

Myers, L., Farmer, J. M., Wilson, R. B., Friedman, L., Tsou, A., Perlman, S. L., Subramony, S. H., Gomez, C. M., Ashizawa, T., Wilmot, G. R., Mathews, K. D., Balcer, L. J., and Lynch, D. R. Antioxidant use in Friedreich ataxia. J Neurol.Sci 4-15-2008;267(1-2):174-176. View abstract.

Nadjarzadeh, A., Sadeghi, M. R., Amirjannati, N., Vafa, M. R., Motevalian, S. A., Gohari, M. R., Akhondi, M. A., Yavari, P., and Shidfar, F. Coenzyme Q10 improves seminal oxidative defense but does not affect on sem*n parameters in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Endocrinol.Invest 2011;34(8):e224-e228. View abstract.

Nahas, R. Complementary and alternative medicine approaches to blood pressure reduction: An evidence-based review. Can.Fam.Physician 2008;54(11):1529-1533. View abstract.

Nielsen, A. N., Mizuno, M., Ratkevicius, A., Mohr, T., Rohde, M., Mortensen, S. A., and Quistorff, B. No effect of antioxidant supplementation in triathletes on maximal oxygen uptake, 31P-NMRS detected muscle energy metabolism and muscle fatigue. Int J Sports Med 1999;20(3):154-158. View abstract.

Niklowitz, P., Sonnenschein, A., Janetzky, B., Andler, W., and Menke, T. Enrichment of coenzyme Q10 in plasma and blood cells: defense against oxidative damage. Int J Biol Sci 2007;3(4):257-262. View abstract.

Nishino, M., Usami, M., Sugimura, S., and Yoshizaki, S. [Case of drug-induced pneumonitis associated with a dietary supplement containing CoQ10]. Nihon Kokyuki.Gakkai Zasshi 2006;44(10):766-770. View abstract.

Nukui, K., Yamagishi, T., Miyawaki, H., Kettawan, A., Okamoto, T., Belardinelli, R., Tiano, L., Littarru, G. P., and Sato, K. Blood CoQ10 levels and safety profile after single-dose or chronic administration of PureSorb-Q40: animal and human studies. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):209-219. View abstract.

Oda T. Coenzyme Q10 therapy on the cardiac dysfunction in patients with mitral valve prolapse: dose vs effect and dose vs serum level of coenzyme Q10. In: Folkers K and Yamamura Y. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science;1986.

Oda T. Dose-effect relationship and critical dose of coenzyme Q10 on load-induced cardiac dysfunction in pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse. In: Folkers K, Littarru GP and Yamagami T. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science;1991.

Oda T. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on load-induced cardiac dysfunction: double blind study and investigation of dose-response relationship. In: Lenaz G, Barnabei O Rabbi A and et al. Highlights in Ubiquinone Research. London: Taylor and Francis;1990.

Oda, T. and Hamamoto, K. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on the stress-induced decrease of cardiac performance in pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse. Jpn.Circ.J 1984;48(12):1387. View abstract.

Oda, T. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in paediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse: a study by stress echocardiography. Drugs Exp.Clin Res 1985;11(8):557-576. View abstract.

Oda, T. Recovery of load-induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by coenzyme Q10: echocardiographic study. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s149-s154. View abstract.

Oda, T. Recovery of the systolic time intervals by coenzyme Q10 in patients with a load-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mol.Aspects Med 1997;18 Suppl:S153-S158. View abstract.

Ogasahara, S., Nishikawa, Y., Yorifuji, S., Soga, F., Nakamura, Y., Takahashi, M., Hashimoto, S., Kono, N., and Tarui, S. Treatment of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with coenzyme Q10. Neurology 1986;36(1):45-53. View abstract.

Ogasahara, S., Yorifuji, S., Nishikawa, Y., Takahashi, M., Wada, K., Hazama, T., Nakamura, Y., Hashimoto, S., Kono, N., and Tarui, S. Improvement of abnormal pyruvate metabolism and cardiac conduction defect with coenzyme Q10 in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Neurology 1985;35(3):372-377. View abstract.

Okamoto, T., f*ckui, K., Nakamoto, M., Kishi, T., Okishio, T., Yamagami, T., Kanamori, N., Kishi, H., and Hiraoka, E. High-performance liquid chromatography of coenzyme Q-related compounds and its application to biological materials. J Chromatogr. 7-12-1985;342(1):35-46. View abstract.

Okamura, T., Sunamori, M., Amano, J., Hirooka, Y., Ozeki, M., Tanaka, A., and Suzuki, A. Combined treatment of coenzyme Q10 and aprotinin with intraaortic balloon pumping following aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Jpn.J Surg 1984;14(2):97-103. View abstract.

Okuma, K., Furuta, I., and Ota, K. [Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 in cardiotoxicity induced by adriamycin]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1984;11(3):502-508. View abstract.

Okuyama, S. and Mishina, H. Principia of cancer therapy. VI. Application of ubiquinone ointment for intractable radiation ulcers: an expanded cytochrome C effect? Sci Rep.Res Inst.Tohoku Univ [Med] 1983;30(1-4):36-39. View abstract.

Orsucci, D., Filosto, M., Siciliano, G., and Mancuso, M. Electron transfer mediators and other metabolites and cofactors in the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. Nutr Rev. 2009;67(8):427-438. View abstract.

Ozaki, A., Muromachi, A., Sumi, M., Sakai, Y., Morish*ta, K., and Okamoto, T. Emulsification of coenzyme Q10 using gum arabic increases bioavailability in rats and human and improves food-processing suitability. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2010;56(1):41-47. View abstract.

Palacka, P., Kucharska, J., Murin, J., Dostalova, K., Okkelova, A., Cizova, M., Waczulikova, I., Moricova, S., and Gvozdjakova, A. Complementary therapy in diabetic patients with chronic complications: a pilot study. Bratisl.Lek.Listy 2010;111(4):205-211. View abstract.

Palomaki, A., Malminiemi, K., Solakivi, T., and Malminiemi, O. Ubiquinone supplementation during lovastatin treatment: effect on LDL oxidation ex vivo. J Lipid Res 1998;39(7):1430-1437. View abstract.

Pandolfo, M. Introduction. Idebenone in the treatment of Friedreich ataxia. J Neurol. 2009;256 Suppl 1:1-2. View abstract.

Papas, K. A., Sontag, M. K., Pardee, C., Sokol, R. J., Sagel, S. D., Accurso, F. J., and Wagener, J. S. A pilot study on the safety and efficacy of a novel antioxidant rich formulation in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst.Fibros. 2008;7(1):60-67. View abstract.